Category: Good design

Instances of good design

The degradation of the clothespin

The humble clothespin is a ubiquitous item that has been with us for generations; and it is simple enough that you’d think it’s reached the point if utmost reliability. And yet, it seems that it is in fact very unreliable: clothespins break, they fall apart, they need constant replenishing… but I seemed to remember that long ago, when the world was young (well, at least when I was), this wasn’t the case.

The clothespins we have these days are usually made of plastic, and are all variations on the “two prongs, a fulcrum and a coil spring” design invented in 1887 (thus says Wikipedia). But the plastic used today (unlike the wood of my childhood) is deformable and breakable. Here are some I picked from our clotheslines:

Plastic clothespins

Imagine my delight when I found in some shop a set of wooden clothespins hailing (like everything else these days) from China! I bought them right away, and we put them to use — only to discover that they don’t break but they do snap apart. We use these alongside the plastic ones, since both types are equally bad.

21st century wooden clothespin

And then I serendipitously found a wooden clothespin that I’ve had in one of my drawers of old technology and everyday items (yes, I collect those too). This one goes back at least 50 years. I hurried to compare it to its modern counterpart.

Here you see the two items, the shorter being the older one.

Wooden clothespins from the mid-20th and 21st centuries

And here is what I found in the comparison:

  • The old clothespin has a thicker metal wire in its spring, making for a stronger grip force. Indeed, you can feel the difference when pinching the tails against the spring (even at the same distance from the fulcrum).
  • The old pin has a shorter jaw, making for better leverage of the (already stronger) spring’s force.
  • The old pin has a more precise and more elaborate pattern (in side view), giving a better grip for the spring’s coil and for the clothesline.
  • in the old pin the spring ends sit tight in a fitted semicircular groove and cover the width of the wooden prong; in the new one the groove is square and too wide, and the metal is some 2/3 the width of the prong.
Wooden clothespins from the mid-20th and 21st centuries

The last point turns out to be the reason the Chinese clothespin falls apart so easily: it is very easy to twist the two prongs apart as in the photo below, since the loose wire ends don’t resist this action.

21st century wooden clothespin

Lastly, here is an alternative design from earlier in the 19th century: the one piece clothes peg (also called a Dolly peg). This one has no spring, can’t fall apart, and is sturdy enough to resist a lot of use. I found this one at a flea market long ago.

19th century dolly pin

So how do all these variants fare in their single task, gripping cloth onto a clothesline? I tested them by attaching a damp rag to a line and trying to pull it down forcibly. I found that all the new pins – be they plastic or wood – did not hold: the cloth would pull out from under them. The two older wooden ones, however, held fast. Since they cover the two designs — the dolly peg and the springed one — it is clearly not that the springed design is inferior; it’s all in the implementation, the choice of materials, dimensions, spring strength… the small details that always differentiate quality products from trashy ones.

So – here are 200 years of clothespins in historical order from left to right… and clearly, their durability and performance have only gone down over time. If there’s a lesson there, surely it’s a sad one…

Clothespins from the past two centuries

Snuggle up!

We all buy LED light bulbs these days (remember the days of CFL and tungsten filament bulbs?). And we buy them in little cardboard boxes made from dead trees. You have skinny single-bulb boxes, and you have twice as wide two-packs. So imagine my surprise when I saw the in-between box at the left  in the photo:

No, this box doesn’t hold 1-1/2 bulbs. It holds the same pair as the fatter box. Here’s how:

And that is genius. By putting  the two lamps snuggled together in this way, G-Plus saved money for themselves, saved storage space for retailers and consumers, and of course saved some trees and cut transportation emissions in the process.

And it didn’t cost them a thing!

 

Let there be light!

Restaurant table lamp

Eating at a restaurant can be a romantic occasion, but restaurants seem to feel that justifies keeping a low lighting. Which is fine for romance but annoying when you need to peruse the menu.  However, this one restaurant in Milano solved the problem!

They had low enough lighting, but on each table they had this little battery-operated LED lamp. Designed to shine a powerful white light downward, these lamps did not light up the room, but they allowed the diners to light the table surface – or not, all at the click of the little button. Very nicely thought out!

The restaurant, incidentally, was excellent. If you find yourself in Milano, it was Bistrot Pesce D’Oro, at Viale Monte Grappa, 2. Recommended!

Washington Sabatini’s impressive calculator

Here is one impressive calculating device: Washington Sabatini’s reinforced concrete calculator.

Washingtron Savbatini's H 39 reinforced concrete slide rule

This complicated circular slide rule is one of the largest items in my collection. It comprises ten concentric aluminum rings covered with complicated scales and pointers. The rings are all movable except for the second largest; that one is fixed to the body of the device, as is the celluloid cursor overhanging the largest ring. The movable rings are rotated around the center of the device by use of the prominent crank handle that spans its radius.

For full details, and a worked out example of how to calculate the dimensions of a concrete beam under specified parameters, see this article on my History of Computing site.

Enjoy!

Slide rules for a new century

The Tavernier-Gravet company was France’s premier scientific instrument maker at the end of the 19th century, and it stayed abreast of the latest developments in slide rule design and production when it entered the 20th century. In this this new article on my History-of–Computing site I illustrate some of their problems and solutions as they transitioned into the new century.

Tavernier-Gravet Slide Rules

Jacob Zedak’s wooden slide rule

What’s so special about a wooden slide rule, you ask? And indeed, for most of their 3½ centuries of existence — until the arrival of plastics — the material of choice for making slide rules has been wood… but that is the case with straight slide rules. Circular slide rules, by contrast, were almost exclusively made of metal, and later of plastic. Yet Jacob Zedak chose wood as the raw material for his take on these disc-like calculators; and he used plywood, which wouldn’t be used even in a linear rule.

Circular slide rule by Jacob Zedak

Read all about this unusual device, and about Zedak’s other products, in this new article on my History-of–Computing site.

Enjoy!

Three Controllers – and their Grandpa!

A few years ago I sighted on eBay a set of three German circular slide rules of the Controller brand. There was a big one, 20 cm in diameter; a midsized one 11 cm across; and a small one at 7.5 cm. They all looked pretty much the same except for their sizes, and this reminded me of those three bears in the Goldilocks story — a thought that amused me enough to push me into buying them. So now I had a Father Controller, a Mother Controller, and a Baby Controller.Three Controller circular slide rules
Actually this type of slide rule is fairly common, and is often seen on eBay. But then, one day, I saw an auction for what can only be described as Grandfather Controller: a truly large slide rule 30 cm across, and still identical in design to the Three others. This one is anything but common; in fact I’ve never seen anything like it, nor can I find any mention of it on the web. Naturally, I added it to my collection post haste, and now there were four!

Four Controller circular slide rules

Read the full article about this mysterious giant Controller on my HOC web site.

Pretty as a picture

The circular slide rule developed around 1920 by Jules Arnault and Louis Paineau comes in a wooden frame, to give it durability and ease of use; but it is so pretty you can – and I did – hang it on your wall!

Arnault-Paineau slide rule

Aside from being pretty, this is an ingeniously designed and very well-made calculator. You can find all the details in this new article on my History-of–Computing site.

Enjoy!

Solving the machinetta’s bug

I was at this coffee shop and saw the two machinettas. Of course I didn’t buy one – as coffee lovers, we have all the machinettas we need at home – but I did notice how the pair represents two different  solutions to a small but important design bug that the classic machinetta had subjected coffee drinkers to for ages.

Macinettas

The problem is seen below. The original design from Bialetti, who invented this useful little coffeemaker, had the metal block that the handle is bolted to, marked by the red arrow in this photo. This block was just the right size and place to scald your finger when you grab the handle.

Machinetta - bad design

Photo credit: Dan-Martin Hellgren under CC license on Wikimedia Commons.

The two machines I’ve sighted solve this problem in two different ways frequently seen these days: the one at the left below leaves the offending hot block in place but provides a dent in the plastic to keep the finger away from it; the one on the right covers the metal with plastic all the way.

Machinetta handles

I can’t think how many times I got burned before someone at the factory decided to spare the users this pain…

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